Short answerGnawa is a spiritual music tradition from Morocco with roots in sub-Saharan Africa, played on the three-string guembri bass lute and metal castanets called qraqeb. Its hypnotic rhythms accompany healing rituals (lila) and today also festivals and evening shows. UNESCO lists Gnawa as intangible cultural heritage.
Origins
Gnawa traditions developed among communities descended from people brought from sub-Saharan Africa, blending African rhythms with Sufi Islam. In 2019 Gnawa was inscribed on UNESCO’s intangible heritage list.
Instruments
- Guembri (or sintir): a three-string bass lute played by the master (maâlem).
- Qraqeb: large iron castanets that create the hypnotic metallic beat.
- Tbel: drums used in processions.
The lila
A traditional lila is an all-night ceremony of music, colours and trance meant for healing and blessing. Shows for visitors are shorter performances inspired by this repertoire.
Where to hear Gnawa
- Jemaa el-Fna in the evening (see medina guide).
- The Gnaoua World Music Festival in Essaouira, usually in early summer.
- Under the stars at the Agafay desert dinner show or after riding in the combo.
Discover more local traditions in Amazigh culture.
FAQ
What is Gnawa music?
A Moroccan spiritual music tradition with sub-Saharan roots, played on the guembri and qraqeb.
Is Gnawa recognised by UNESCO?
Yes, it was inscribed as intangible cultural heritage in 2019.
Where can I hear Gnawa in Marrakech?
In Jemaa el-Fna, in some restaurants and at desert dinner shows in Agafay.
When is the Essaouira Gnawa festival?
It is usually held in early summer; check the official dates each year.
